Last week, I attended a supply chain management (SCM) user conference in Florida.

The main objective of the user conference was to help users learn and share experiences to eliminate business pains faced either due to lack of technology or business processes. MS Excel, was proudly mentioned in many of the conversations I had with supply chain professionals. It felt like SCM professionals were married to Excel, and their supply chain and operational activities cannot function without it. 

What is the Relationship Between an SCM Professional and Excel?

I realized that Excel’s relationship with supply chain professionals is due to Excel’s accessibility, flexibility, and usability.

I believe the extensive use of Excel in the supply chain industry is due to the relationship business users have developed with Excel. This relationship can not last long if an organization wants to be competitive and profitable because Excel cannot fulfill the core demands of a supply chain organization. Due to the globalization and dynamic nature of today’s business, it is necessary to have applications that provide visibility, control, collaboration, real-time data sharing among trading partners, and security for optimal supply chain results.

Another reason for a supply chain professional to use Excel is due to data issues within their enterprise application. For example, when SCM users have data issues, the only solution is to extract key information and piece it together in Excel to get optimal results.

Consider yourself doomed if you ever find yourself using Excel for any of these business operations: 

  • Inventory Management: Companies with inventory management modules tend to use Excel for planning stock levels as well as calculating inventory (i.e. replenishing a particular item or product within the warehouse). Excel has features that can calculate safety stock by using prebuilt basic formulas such as moving average, standard deviations forecasts etc. Keep in mind that by doing this, an organization will not have the ability to see the entire supply and demand relationship. On the other hand, when the same safety stock is calculated within an application, it will provide visibility to outstanding supplies that need to be replenished; orders can be planned for production; and it can calculate how quickly organizations can turn a forecast into a deliverable product.
  • Demand Planning / Forecasting:  Planners and forecasters rely on Excel to provide insight on changes in demand at any given time within a specified period. Supply chain professionals don’t realize that demand planning is a collaborative process among internal and external parties but also very dynamic in nature. Excel cannot provide the planner the actual demand for the customer, product, or part. Excel lacks the collaboration, visibility, and “what if” analysis needed to generate a robust demand for the organization. The demand cannot be static; it has dynamic variables such as geo-political, economical, weather etc. when accurate forecast is calculated.
  • Sales and Operational Planning (S&OP):  Usually, companies don’t have a clear understanding of what their S&OP processes are initially, so most start off with Excel to define and measure if S&OP will work within their business strategy. Unfortunately, most companies forget that S&OP is about analyzing data based on information gathered from various business areas of the organization. It’s important to think before you start your S&OP within an Excel spreadsheet. Excel has limitations when it comes to sharing information, creating “what if” scenarios, and understanding the full impact of the business.  Excel will not be able to flag issues to the appropriate individuals when an S&OP is not being met by the manufacturing or delivery teams.
  • Bill of Material (BOM) Management: Product planners tend to download a BOMs onto spreadsheets to link up customer demand with the supply of material. You should be aware that if any engineering change occurs it needs to be linked to the BOM. When an organization starts managing BOMs outside of its core application, the notification and change alerts don’t get communicated to the appropriate individuals within the organization. This will create issues like; material shortage, wrong material being used in production, and poor quality. As a result it will not only affect the bottom line but also the reputation if a poor quality product is delivered to customer.
  • Sourcing and Purchasing Management: Most buyer and purchasing professionals like to have a list of the best suppliers who not only comply with regulations but also meet lead times and delivery dates on an Excel spreadsheet. The problem with these spreadsheets is that they don’t take into account the price, cost of transportation, and expedite charges and financial viability for the supplier. Excel spreadsheet are missing the link between the supplier performance versus the cost of business objectives, on time delivery, and a company’s strategic objectives. Keep in mind that when an organization is sourcing or purchasing either raw material or office supplies, they always need to be within the spending budget. Excel will not tell the buyer what they had spent before and what outstanding spending budget is remaining. It’s important to stop and think if the payments to the supplier are made on time; if it is time to renegotiate the contractual terms; if the payments to the supplier were made within the appropriate delivery lead-time of the product etc.

No doubt, Excel has certain capabilities that can help you to understand the data coming from enterprise applications. It’s important for supply chain professionals to understand the repercussion of using Excel.

I hope when you think of using Excel to manage your business processes you will consider the issues addressed above. As well, you need to understand that there could be features missing from your enterprise application that will make you turn to Excel.

I am interested in knowing if your organization is using Excel for business functions that can be performed by an enterprise application. Tell me why Excel is being used and what benefits are being derived from it.

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Comments

Armando on 25 April, 2010 at 5:20 pm #

One of the main issues is lack of IT support. When data is needed, we have to put it together using a bunch of disparate reports.

Oh, sure, we have SAP Business Warehouse, but nobody asks us when the cubes are built, and then we are told to exclude vendors rather than have people correct the reports. Most resources go to sales reporting and accounting.

Last time we asked IT to activate Supplier Management in SAP, we were told it was up to the super user to get it working. But the super user lacks access to modify configuration, so we got stuck.

So, the best we can do is to use Excel and hope for the best.

Regards.
Armando.


jbkuppe on 25 April, 2010 at 11:48 pm #

Excel by itself is limited, but when coupled with a database which enables cell-level collaboration inside and outside the firewall, cell-level access control, auditability, security, and integration with mulitple systems, supply chain users are very happy. Boardwalktech has many examples of companies that have deployed our patented Excel-based supply chain solutions after spending lots of time and money trying to get a “traditional” enterprise application to be flexible enough to support the diverse needs of their company’s supply chain environment. So, we take exception to the DOOMED moniker– in fact, to quote one of our $30B+ customers “With most
systems I’ve seen deployed, all of the initial focus is on getting the system to work. With Boardwalktech, we were able to focus on getting the business value right away…it is amazing.”


Ross Rydman on 26 April, 2010 at 12:52 am #

I agree wholeheartedly with this article. I see it this way, Excel is a business data analysis tool. It is not an enterprise application, it is not a database, and it is not a user interface to be used to insert data into either of those. You should be compiling data from different sources into Excel to create ad-hoc analysis and reports - not the other way around. Also, don’t get me started on Access :-)


Shri Kulkarni on 26 April, 2010 at 8:10 am #

I agree with Ross…excel is a MS office document interface capable to link up to an enterprise application for adhoc business data reporting & analytics.I agree with the view point mentioned in the article as well. It is not a tool to enable different business process transactions (e2e) or provide visibility for a company’s supply chain e.g warehouse, sourcing, 3PL etc.


Duncan on 26 April, 2010 at 12:09 pm #

Interesting comments. I have been both amazed and appalled at the organizations that run their supply chains with Excel. I am talking about multi-billion dollar companies (yes, that is a “b”) where their demand and supply planning is all done in Excel. Even most of their financial planning and budgeting is also done in Excel.

The problems that I see are that enterprise systems lack flexibility (what data to use, how to present it, and the actual calculations to use) and also lack “what-if” capability. On the other hand, the problems with Excel are lack of consistency, many answers to the same question (multiple versions of the “truth” depending upon how a particular sheet was put together), delays in revising the sheets after any change, and difficulties in keeping all those sheets “current” as data changes, particularly BOM or supply chain structures.

Some companies have found a different approach. I will admit to bias – I work for the solution provider. But, that does not change the degree of the problem nor the validity of the solution. See www.kinaxis.com for more information.


Devil's Advocate on 28 April, 2010 at 9:29 pm #

I’m a huge fan of both Kinaxis’ RapidResponse and Excel. The article goes a bit overboard however. Very few real companies would use Excel for ERP and BOM DB workflows (Duncan makes note of an example but I will stake quite a bit of money that there are a few exceptions yes, but not the rule). Now, *small* companies would. Is that a probem? Doesn’t have to be.

The difference is if we are talking many small companies, then what are the issues? Visibility, what if, multi-input? None exist really. Why? Because it’s 1 guy running it all in this small company - he doesn’t share, he gathers all the data, and what ifs only matter if you’re going to tell a customer “no” and a small company never will.

And here’s the elephant in the room - Excel is virtually free. Again, for big companies and their complexity, it’s worth getting “real” systems, but for small companies, cost over efficiency may be a real trade off. So the above article doesn’t really hold - real companies only use Excel for ad-hoc analysis and small companies can’t afford big programs (that often cost too much to impliment, don’t deliver what they promise, etc).

Also, Excel actually does have quite a bit of dynamic capability and modeling what ifs really isn’t that hard. Still, RapidResponse is slick and easier out of the box, but again, not free.

Lastly, there are many ways to do anything, and there are levels of skill at each as well. I can show you a company using RapidResponse, and using it poorly as well. The tool only gets you so far. Likewise, with the proper people and processes, I can show you a successful company with pencil and paper!


George Lewis on 30 April, 2010 at 4:55 pm #

Excel is a great tool! …right up until you press the ‘send’ button on the email you’ve attached it to. Then the questions start of who controls the master copy and which file is the latest version. For most small companies, it’s all about fixing a problem right away with whatever tool is easily available, and almost everyone has a copy of Excel. Excel is nearly free isn’t it? http://tiny.cc/qbpfn

When the tool you carry is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.

As for solutions to the problem, I agree with the author’s comments about the need for “visibility, control, collaboration, real-time data sharing among trading partners, and security”. For a long time industry has believed the way to accomplish these goals was through BIG enterprise software. And for Fortune 5000 companies, this may very well hold true. The key for smaller companies should be a solution that can “right-size” itself to their needs, adding users and functionality as the company grows. In this regard, SaaS solutions lead the charge, in addition to being a flexible and accessible platform; it can be implemented with no additional IT resources. My company has a solution for online BOM collaboration and change management that takes less effort to maintain than Excel. If you are curious, visit us at www.arenasolutions.com


James Su on 3 May, 2010 at 2:07 am #

I’d spent much time on Excel modeling to build up an Excel tool system for manufacturers, and now found Excel is not enough, we’d to consider Access also. I know well if I could finish this tool system, then I can build up a strong purchasing team in China with lean structure and persons to support global sourcing attempts of oversea small and middle companies. I’m very interested to have chance with freign partner in building up this tool system.


DELE LAYENI on 3 May, 2010 at 7:24 am #

Thanks okay


Duncan on 3 May, 2010 at 4:13 pm #

This continues to be an interesting discussion. Let me respond to a few comments by Devil’s Advocate.

As for examples of companies running their supply and distribution on Excel, I have had personal experience with at least 6 different multi-billion companies who, until recently, did exactly that. Non-disclosure agreements prevent me from disclosing names.

On the other hand, I do agree with the Devil that a company whose supply chain is run by a single person could probably manage quite well in Excel. I also agree that tools don’t automatically lead to success or failure. There are always three elements: People, Process, and Tools. All three need to be working together for real success. The success rate of companies using RapidResponse is very high (not quite 100%, but very close - People and lack of process still get in the way! I believe much companies implementing RapidResponse enjoy a much rate of success than than with any other supply chain tool.)

So, get the right people, set up processes that take advantage of available tools, and choose the right tools (software) to get the job done most effectively.


[…] Beware Supply Chain Excel Users—YOU are DOOMED!!!! […]


Mike Woodhouse on 11 May, 2010 at 7:00 am #

“I am talking about multi-billion dollar companies (yes, that is a “b”) where their demand and supply planning is all done in Excel.”

Unless these multi-billion dollar companies are all on a slippery slope to catastrophic failure, which of course they may very well be, this quote appears to be telling us that multi-billion dollar companies can meet their demand and supply planning needs with Excel. Which kind of seems like an endorsement… (gd&r)


Oli on 11 May, 2010 at 7:35 am #

On the other hand, when the same safety stock is calculated within an application, it will provide visibility to outstanding supplies that need to be replenished; orders can be planned for production; and it can calculate how quickly organizations can turn a forecast into a deliverable product.

Excel is fully programmable - don’t be so blinkered!


Rich on 28 July, 2010 at 5:45 pm #

I read this blog with interest and while I agree with most of the comments that excel is mainly an analysis tool.
Sometimes it is just so much quicker and easier to use for supply chain / business planning.
It is the ease of configuration. It doesn’t fit for everything that’s why you have SAP or similar.
But try getting the SAP IT Support team to make a change or provide a new report it takes an age.
So you rely on your trusty excel for the problems that suit it.
I’m not an employee of a massive global company but a significant one. I swear by excel for quick short term problem solving, managing immediate shortage situations, planning outages, predicting inventory levels. I manage inbound logistics for a single material £18M raw material contract using it. It never fails to deliver.
There is a place for SAP and a place for excel.
Excel is more a tool for the here and now planning while SAP is more a holistic model of your business, but it takes longer to configure.


Tittle on 5 October, 2010 at 7:49 am #

I think for mid size companies and small companies where SAP is not implemented, Excel is the way out.


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